你知道世界各国最受欢迎的大学专业都是什么吗？外媒开展的一项全球调查得出的结果可能出乎你的意料。
调查结果显示，中国人最爱理工科，印度人则偏爱艺术和法律，美国人和德国人对医学和工程学情有独钟，澳大利亚是唯一一个不待见IT专业的国家。
除了俄罗斯外，商务管理专业在世界各国都很吃香。
一起来看看这些专业选择潮流的背后原因。
根据中华校友会的信息，通过中国竞争激烈的考试体系被大学录取的学生当中，19.39%的人选择经济学专业，19.06%的人选择商务管理专业，经管类专业几乎占据了热门专业的半壁江山。
According to China University Alumni Association, among those who score well enough in China’s highly competitive exam system to get into university, 19.39% choose to study Economics and 19.06% select Business Management, which means business & management related majors account for almost half of the popular majors.
在中国热度排行第三的专业是信息工程学专业，紧随其后的是法学专业。
清华大学 图源：CFP
排名第五到第十的热门专业几乎都是理工科，包括生物科学、信息技术和计算机科学、建筑学、物理学和自动化工程学。
The third most popular major in China is Informatics Engineering (6.87%) followed tightly by Law (6.53%). From No. 5 to No. 10, the most popular majors are almost all STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) majors such as Biological Sciences (5.93%), IT and Computer Sciences (5.72%), Architecture (3.84%), Physics (3.37%) and Automation Engineering (3.23%).
直到第11名才开始出现一些社会科学类专业，比如汉语言文学、外国语和新闻学专业。
It’s not until No. 11 that some social science majors such as Chinese language and literature, foreign language studies and journalism appear.
北京大学 图源：CFP
中国高等教育重视理工科是有其历史原因的。
1978年中国开始实施改革开放政策时，国家急需科技人才来发展工业，中国人对于理工科的偏好就是从那时候开始的。
When the Chinese started their reform and opening-up policy in 1978, the country urgently needed scientific professionals for industrial development, and the Chinese preference for STEM is rooted in that period.
当时全国有一句非常有名的口号叫：“学好数理化，走遍天下都不怕。”
"Master mathematics, physics and chemistry, you can find a position all over the country" was one of the most famous national slogans.
商务管理（Business and Management）是美国最热门的专业。
其次是护理等健康相关专业，心理学和生物及生物医学专业难分伯仲。排行第五的热门专业是工程学。
Health-related programs such as Nursing are next in line (141,632 degrees). Psychology and Biological and Biomedical Sciences run almost neck and neck (127,066 degrees and 120,375 degrees, respectively). The 5th place belongs to Engineering, with 117,553 degrees awarded.
接下来是教育学等社会科学专业，传播学专业和财会专业二者的热度没什么差别。
Social science majors such as Education (102,219) follow up, and the difference between Communications (98,949) and Finance and Accounting (98,663) is rather small.
哈佛大学 图源：CFP
有点意外的是，人类学与社会学打败了计算机科学，跻身前十。
A little bit surprisingly, Anthropology and Sociology (57,630) beat Computer Science (55,843) and have moved into the top 10.
美国热门专业的潮流和平均起薪直接相关。
拥有商务管理学位的毕业生平均起薪为4万1245美元（约合人民币26万元），职业生涯中期的平均年薪为7万694美元，高于其他任何专业毕业生的平均薪酬水平。
这是激励美国学生和全球多数学生攻读商务管理专业的最大动力。
耶鲁大学 图源：CFP
对于医疗服务的传统高需求提升了医学和健康相关专业的热度。
市场调查显示，医生和护士几乎不用担心失业问题：即使发生经济危机，医疗工作者通常也能保住自己的工作。
According to market research, doctors and nurses almost never face the unemployment issue: even when economic crises take place, medical workers usually are able to keep their jobs.
值得注意的是，在美国，一个普通心理学学位和教育学、传播学学位一样，能让学生找到社会工作、市场营销和人力资源方面的工作。
英国高等教育统计局的数据表明，商务和行政管理（Business & Administrative studies）是英国最热门的专业。
医药和生物科学类专业的热度排行第二和第三，分别授出28万8065个学位和23万3970个学位。
Subjects allied to Medicine and Biological Sciences are the second and third (288,065 and 233,970 respectively).
社会学专业也受到了年轻人的青睐。第五、第六和第七名分别是创意艺术与设计、工程与技术和教育学，这三者的热度差别不大。
Social Studies receive a warm welcome among young people as well (229,360). The 5th, 6th and 7th are respectively Creative Arts & Design (178,415), Engineering & Technology (164,975) and Education (145,445), and the differences among them are similar.
攻读学生数量破10万的另外两个专业是计算机科学和语言类。物理学专业的学生数量也接近10万。
The other two subjects that have over 100,000 students are Computer Science (107,250) and Languages (103,545). Physical Science (95,720) is also close to this number.
剑桥大学 图源：CFP
社会科学在英国比在美国更受欢迎。举例来说，英国的大学是最早提供法学课程的大学。
For example, UK universities are among the oldest universities that offer law courses.
因此，考虑到如此悠久而丰富的传统，英国法学学位非常受学生欢迎，确实也很有竞争力。
Therefore, reflecting this long and rich tradition, UK law degrees have become very popular (and indeed highly competitive) for its students.
另一个人气大涨的专业是创意艺术与设计。
英国高等教育统计局将其归功于非全日制学生数量的增多，2015-2016学年和2016-2017学年攻读创意艺术与设计专业的学生增加了19%。
The Higher Education Statistics Agency attributes this popularity to the increase in part-time students, among which there was a 19% increase in students studying Creative Arts & Design between 2015/16 and 2016/17.
StudyCheck的独立调查显示，最受德国男性和女性欢迎的专业是不同的。但是，工商管理专业（Business Administration）多年来一直是德国男女都爱选择的专业。
最受女性喜爱的热门专业第二名是德语研究专业，75%的德语研究系学生都是女性。
When it comes to the 2nd place, German Studies is favored by women, and 75% of German Studies students are female.
与此同时，最受德国男性欢迎的热门专业第二名是机械工程学，而男性对工程学的兴趣不止于此。
Meanwhile, German men choose Mechanical Engineering as their second favorite, and this is just the beginning of their interest in engineering.
医药专业是德国最受欢迎的专业之一，也是最受德国女性欢迎的热门专业第三名，而最受德国男性欢迎的热门专业第三名是计算机科学。
图源：CFP
德国男性最喜爱的热门专业第四名和第五名都是工程学类专业，而德国女性最喜爱的热门专业第四名和第五名分别是法学和教育学。
Medicine is one of the most popular subjects in Germany and the 3rd most popular among German ladies, while Computer Science is still listed by men as their 3rd choice. 4th and 5th placed popular majors among German guys are both in the engineering area (Industrial Engineering and Electrical Engineering), while German ladies turn to Law and Pedagogy.
获得工程学学位的毕业生拥有良好的就业前景。
新近的工程学毕业生在德国每月收入相对较高，可达2800欧元到3800欧元（约合人民币2.2万到3万）。而且，他们的就业范围也很广，涵盖设备安装使用工程、机械工程、航空航天工程和车辆工程。
New engineering graduates will earn relatively high salaries of €2,800 to €3,800 a month in Germany. Besides, they have a wide range of activities open to them, from plant engineering and mechanical engineering to aerospace engineering and vehicle construction.
俄罗斯教育与科学部报告称，教育学、信息技术和医药学是2019年最受俄罗斯大学新生欢迎的专业。
Pedagogical faculties, IT specialties, and Medicine are the most popular majors for Russian university entrants in 2019, reports Russian Ministry of Education and Science.
教育学学位居然这么吃香，这可能会让许多读者感到吃惊。
图源：CFP
一个可能的原因是过去几年来教师职业在俄罗斯更受尊敬了。
One possible reason is that in the past few years the career of teacher has became more prestigious in Russia.
教育改革提高了教师收入，也有助于吸引年轻的高素质专业人才加入。
Reforms in education have brought higher salaries for teachers and have helped to attract young, highly qualified professionals.
好教育集团的数据显示，科学和文化类专业在澳大利亚的招生人数最多。
Good Education Group’s statistics show that majors in Society and Culture boast the highest enrollments in Australia (66,884).
老人护理和儿童服务是2011年至2016年间澳大利亚增长最快的就业领域，这促使社会和文化类专业的热度达到了顶峰。
Care for the Aged and Children’s Services are two of the fastest growing sub-categories in Australia for the years from 2011 to 2016, which helps the Society and Culture sector to arrive at an over-all peak.
全国排行第二的健康类专业的热度上升了159%，选择攻读这类专业的学生有5万2134人，是16年前的两倍多。
The popularity of Health majors has increased by 159%, with 52,134 choosing to study in this area, making it more than twice as popular as 16 years ago and holding second place nationally.
图源：CFP
热门专业第三名到第十名分别是管理与商业、自然和物理学、教育学、创意艺术、工程学、信息技术、建筑学和农学以及环境和相关研究。
The third to tenth most popular majors are Management and Commerce, Natural and Physical Sciences, Education, Creative Arts, Engineering, IT, Architecture and Building and Agriculture, Environmental and Related studies.
澳大利亚是本次调查中唯一一个信息技术专业在近年热度下降的国家。
你可以在社会和文化类专业或者健康类、工程类专业学到信息技术，它不再是信息技术专业所独有的。
You might learn IT skills in Society and Culture or in Health or in Engineering, whereas previously they were specific to IT courses”.
毫不意外，管理学、工程学和计算机应用是印度最热门的三个专业。
然而，热门专业第四名却有点意思：包括时装设计、室内设计和网页/平面设计在内的设计相关专业相当受欢迎。
However, things get interesting when it comes to the fourth place: Design-related majors including fashion design, interior design and Web/graphic design are quite popular.
大众传媒和酒店服务相关专业也在崛起，因为印度的娱乐产业正在飞速发展，而印度不断壮大的旅游业为酒店服务专业的学生提供了许多在大型连锁酒店就业的机会。
Mass Communication and Hospitality-related majors are also emerging because the entertainment industry in India is developing rapidly, while there is a huge chance of getting jobs after hospitality courses with large hotel chains to take advantage of the growing tourism business in India.
图源：CFP
除此之外，提供技能和就业培训的职业课程在印度教育界越来越受欢迎。
最吃香的职业课程是设计、营销、广告和酒店服务。
Design, Marketing and Advertising, and Hospitality are among the most selected vocational courses.
